the Autoimmune Encephalitis:

A boy with an altered state of consciousness and refractory status epilepticus.

Abstract

Abstract:

 Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is characterized by brain parenchymal inflammation, causing neurological dysfunction with diverse symptoms like seizures, movement disorders, mood changes, and altered consciousness. Despite its rarity, AE ranks third in neuropsychiatric decline causes. The condition’s complexity arises from varied etiologies, often leading to inconclusive investigations. Immune–mediated cases redefine diagnosis and treatment approaches, emphasizing timely identification.Multidiscilplinary care is vital due to the broad symptoms spectrum. Antibody detection is primary diagnostic method, but antibody-negative cases, especially in children, pose challenges. Symptomatic standards for immune system limbic encephalitis includes subacute beginning specific brain abnormalities, fluid or EEG anomalies, and exclusion of alternatives. Intravenous immunoglobulins are effective as first line treatment for antibody –positive cases, while rituximab shows promise as second line therapy. A case study of an 8 –years-old boy demonstrates rituximab’s potential in refractory AE, supplementing standard therapy. This underscores the complexity of AE and the need for swift, comprehensive management to improve outcomes.