Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Macrophage Activation Syndrome: case study

Abstract

The Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a condition characterized by hyperinflammatory phenomena, complicating SARS-Cov 2 infections in the pediatric population. It may occasionally trigger macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and could lead to multiorgan system dysfunction. We report the observation of 3 patients who were hospitalized in the department of pediatrics, emergency and resuscitation of the University teaching hospital Hedi Chaker of Sfax during the year 2021. All of them had marked clinical and biological signs of inflammation confirming the MIS-C, but also strongly evoking SAM. The study of bone marrow showed the intra medullary hemophagocytosis. Prompt diagnosis and suppression of systemic inflammation using Venoglobulin, methylprednisolone and aspirin were associated with a favorable outcome. Heparin therapy was indicated, and dobutamine was combined. Stabilization of general condition and apyrexia were obtained for the three children within 48 hours. Further studies to investigate the long-term outcome of these patients are proposed.