Acute rheumatic fever or Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a medical dilemma in the modern era - a case report

Acute rheumatic fever or Juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

Abstract

Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) are two prevalent joint disorders that lack specific diagnostic tests and are primarily diagnosed based on clinical presentation and laboratory results. The overlapping signs and symptoms of ARF and JIA pose a challenge for clinicians in accurately distinguishing between the two conditions. However, prompt diagnosis and proper treatment are critical, as the prognosis and treatment options for these conditions differ significantly.

This case report presents a 14-year-old male who initially presented with fever, joint pain, and a systolic murmur, which were consistent with a diagnosis of ARF. However, persistent knee pain led to reconsideration of the diagnosis, and JIA was diagnosed through laboratory investigations and exclusion of other causes. This case highlights the difficulty in diagnosing overlapping conditions like ARF and JIA and the importance of ongoing evaluation in patients with persistent symptoms.