Prevalence Of Childhood Obesity and Feeding Issues in Children with Autism

Abstract

Abstract

Feeding issues are directly linked with ASD. It is important to document the nutritional status and feeding issues in children with ASD so early intervention could be possible for management of these children.

Objective   

To evaluate the nutritional status and feeding issues in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Study design and setting

This is a cross sectional study done at the department of Pediatric Development and Preventive Pediatrics in Children hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan from 1^st June 2021 to 31^st December 2021.

Material and Methodology

This is a cross sectional study done at the department of Pediatric Development and Preventive Pediatrics in Children hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan from 1^st June 2021 to 31^st December 2021 on children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder ages 3-12 years. The samples were selected randomly from all the autistic children registered at the departments based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A questionnaire and check list were designed using Child Eating Behavioral Inventory CEBI and The Behavioral Pediatric Feeding and Skill Assessment Scale BPFSA, which the parents filled at home. Statistical analyses were performed by using the SPSS 20.0. P-value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results

A total of 50 participants were registered 13 were girls and 37 were boys. 35 (70%) participants were between age group 3-6 years and 15 (30%) were from age group 6-12 years. Nutritional assessment was carried out. According to Wt/Ht 38 (75%) out of 50 participants were obese and 12 falls in normal BMI ranges, 0 participants were under weight. The mean age of complimentary feed was 9 ± 3 months. Only 10 % of the children were taking a balanced and diverse diet with only 4 % actively feeding. The 75 % of autistic children had food nephrosis and 75 % preferred sweet foods, refusal to try new foods was also 75% and 84% refused to eat fruits and vegetables. Sensory food aversions in autistic children were common with 80% suffering from constipation.

Conclusion

The ASD children are facing a broad spectrum of feeding problems which is contributing towards obesity and micronutrient deficiencies and causing havoc with their health.  These health issues along with autism spectrum disorder are creating burden for families with autistic children. Early detection and  targeted intervention and therapies for these feeding problems can result in peaceful meal times, healthy eating habits and better development of autistic children.

Keywords

Autism spectrum disorder, nutrition, feeding problems,