Etiological spectrum of seizures in paediatric patients presenting in emergency of Military Hospital, Rawalpindi.

Etiological spectrum of seizures in paediatrics

Abstract

Background

Seizures are abnormal, excessive electrical discharges of the brain cells (neurons) that can result in changes in behavior, consciousness, or movements. They are a common neurological phenomenon and can occur in a variety of conditions, including epilepsy, infections, brain tumors, head injury, and metabolic disturbances.

Aim and Setting of the study

To report the different types of seizures presenting in emergency of Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, based on their clinical manifestations, duration, and underlying causes.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2 August 2022 to 2 February 2023. The study cohort comprised of pediatric patients. History as well as clinical presentation was studied along with demographics.

Results

Out of 108 cases recorded in six months, most common were febrile seizures, followed by encephalitis and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, respectively. Seizures due to epilepsy, metabolic disorders, electrolyte imbalances, structural anomalies and other etiological conditions were comparatively low. Seizure recurrence was recorded in less than 50% patients. All possible measures were taken for the appropriate management to prevent complications and ensure the best outcomes for the children.

Conclusion

Febrile seizures were the most common type of seizures in pediatric patients from Rawalpindi, Islamabad region of Pakistan.