PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF ARI AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN MOUNTAINOUS AREA, INDONESIA

Abstract

Objective: To assess the prevalence and the associated factors of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among under-five children in the mountainous region.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study:  The study was conducted in the mountainous region of Temanggung district, Central Java Province, Indonesia from October to December 2018. 

Material and Methods: As many as 49 under-five children were selected randomly from villages. Questionnaire based interviews on individual characteristics, behavioral factors, and ARI occurrence, and observations of the physical environment of houses were carried out in data collection. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically by using the SPSS 16.0 version.

Results: As many as 51% of under-five children were female and 71.4% were toddlers. The physical condition of houses showed dusty-floors (36.7%), non-waterproof walls (53.1%), and poor kitchen ventilation (40.8%). The behavioral factors indicated the use wood fuel (53.1%) and often hold their child while cooking (44.9%). ARI occurred among 69.4% of under-five children, and it was significantly associated with the condition of house wall (p=0.032), house floors (p=0.001), kitchen ventilation(p=0.022), and the use of wood fuel (p=0.008) and held child while cooking (p=0.001), respectively.

Conclusion: This study finds 69.4% of ARI prevalence among under 5 children. It was associated with physical of house and behavioral factors. The sanitation program for residential improvement is needed.